Python Dictionary Tutorial, Dictionaries are one of the most powerful and versatile data structures in Python. They allow you to store and manage data in key-value pairs, making it easy to retrieve and manipulate information efficiently. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced developer, understanding dictionaries is essential for writing clean and effective Python code. In this tutorial, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Python dictionaries, from basic operations to advanced techniques.
What are Python Dictionary?
At its core, a Python dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. Think of it like a real-world dictionary: you look up a word (the “key”) to find its definition (the “value”). In Python, keys must be unique and immutable (like strings, numbers, or tuples), while values can be of any data type.
Creating a Python Dictionary
You can create a dictionary using curly braces {} or the dict() constructor.
# Using curly braces
cr_dict = {"name": "Raunak Gupta", "age": 45, "city": "Kolkata"}
# Using the dict() constructor
cro_dict = dict(name="Raunak Gupta", age=27, city="New Delhi")
Accessing Values in a Python dictionary
To access a value in a dictionary, you use the corresponding key within square brackets [].
# Creating a simple dictionary
person = {
"name": "Sanjay",
"age": 30,
"city": "Buxar"
}
print(person["name"]) # Output: Sanjay
print(person["age"]) # Output: 30
#Using .get() to avoid errors if the key doesn't exist.
print(person.get("job", "Unknown")) #Output: Unknown, since job doesn't exist.
Adding or Modifying a Python Dictionary
You can add, update, or delete key-value pairs easily.
my_dict = {"name": "Virat", "age": 14, "city": "Kanchrapara"}
# Adding a new key-value pair
my_dict["email"] = "[email protected]"
# Updating an existing key
my_dict["age"] = 26
# Removing a key-value pair
my_dict.pop("city")
# Using del to remove a key
del my_dict["email"]
Iterating Through a Python Dictionary
You can loop through a dictionary using for loops to access keys, values, or both.
student = {"name": "SANJAY", "age": 21, "course": "Computer Science","grade": "A"}
# Iterating through keys
for key in student:
print(key)
# Output: name, age, course
# Iterating through values
for value in student.values():
print(value)
# Output: SANJAY, 21, Computer Science
# Iterating through key-value pairs
for key, value in student.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
# Output: name: SANJAY, age: 21, course: Computer Science
Python Dictionary Methods
Python dictionaries come with a variety of useful methods:
- keys(): Returns a view object containing the dictionary’s keys.
- values(): Returns a view object containing the dictionary’s values.
- items(): Returns a view object containing 1 key-value pairs as tuples.
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